Проєкт "Замки Британії. British Castles"

При проведенні дослідницької роботи в рамках навчального проєкту з англійської мови на тему "Замки Британії. British Castles" учень 4 класу докладно вивчив і доступно описав (основні) топ-10 замків Великобританії, доповнивши знайдену інформацію яскравими картинками стародавніх замків.

Докладніше про роботу:

У процесі дослідницької роботи (проєкту) з англійської мови про замки Великобританії (British Castles) учень 4 класу продемонстрував свої знання з історії та основних пам'яток країни, мову якої він вивчає, виклавши при цьому інформацію виключно англійською мовою.

Content

1. "My house is my castle"
2. Windsor Castle
3. Peckforton Castle
4. Levens Hall Castle
5. Lumley Castle
6. Kimbolton Castle
7. Edinburgh Castle
8. Balmoral Castle
9. Killyleagh Castle
10. Crookston Castle
11. Castles and Town Walls of King Edward

The famous saying "My house is my castle" was born in England for a reason: there are few countries in the world that have inherited such an impressive number of castles as Great Britain. Fortified structures were built here from the beginning of the last millennium until the century before last, which is due to the extraordinary variety of architectural styles — from early Gothic to classicism.

Castles have reached our days in different states: only ruins remain of some, while others have preserved the interior furnishings and even their family affiliation through the centuries. The Top Flight review shows the most beautiful and unusual castles of the British Kingdom.

Where: England, Berkshire County, Windsor city
When it was built: 1070
What is it now: the residence of the British monarchs.

One of the most popular castles in the UK for tourists has been home to the royal dynasty for more than 900 years. Since William the Conqueror founded it around 1070, 39 monarchs have lived in the castle, including the current Queen Elizabeth II. It is the largest residential castle in the world and the oldest functioning royal residence in Europe. In addition to the Queen, a total of 500 people live and work in Windsor today. Curiously, in 1917, the royal family officially changed their surname to Windsor in order to consolidate the associative row with their official residence.

Most of the castle's rooms are open to tourists. In the State Chambers and Semi—Parade Halls, you can see an impressive collection of works of art, in the Reception Hall — immerse yourself in the aesthetics of royal balls (by the way, a gift to Queen Victoria is kept in this hall — a large malachite vase), in St. George's chapel - imagine yourself as a guest at the royal wedding (after ит т (the last one took place here quite recently, when Prince Harry and Meghan Markle were married).

If you plan to visit the castle with children, do not forget about the Queen Mary Dollhouse — it is the largest dollhouse in the world. The changing of the guard ceremony, which has been held in Windsor since 1660, deserves special attention. And those who overcome 200 steps and climb the oldest of the currently preserved buildings of the castle, the Round Tower, will be rewarded with views of London from a 65-meter height.

Where: England, Cheshire, Peckforton village
When it was built: 1850
What is it now: a hotel

The Victorian country estate was built by order of the largest landowner in Cheshire County, Lord John Tolmache, relatively recently — in 1850. The author of the project is the English architect Anthony Salvin, who was considered an authoritative expert on medieval buildings. Apparently, Tolmache was a great lover of Gothic, because at the dawn of the Victorian era he built himself an apartment building according to all the canons of a medieval Gothic castle, not only outside, but also inside.

Famous architects of the time called Peckforton "the most authentic and canonical Gothic housing of our time." At the same time, Tolmache was no stranger to technological progress: before finally moving with his family to the castle, he installed central heating and electricity in it. In the 1970s and 1990s, Peckforton Castle often served as a filming location for historical films, including, for example, the famous television series Doctor Who or Robin Hood in 1991 with Patrick Bergin and Uma Thurman.

In 1988, it was purchased for 1 million pounds by American Evelyn Graybeel, and after renovation, the castle turned into a hotel.

Where: England, Cumbria, Levens village
When it was built: 1350
What's now: Topiary

This castle was originally built in 1350 by the Redman family as a watchtower, but the buildings that have survived to this day belong to the Elizabethan era of the second half of the sixth century, when later owners, the Belligham family, expanded the building. Subsequently, the castle became the property of Colonel James Graham, keeper of the personal purse and treasurer of King James II Stuart — he continued what had been started by the previous owners of Levens Hall and made it even larger.

Nowadays, the castle is owned by the Bagot family, and it is open to visitors. Inside you can see a collection of antique steam transport, including several retro tractors, which are brought to the public on Sundays and holidays. But the main advantage of the castle is its park complex with exemplary French gardens and workshops with examples of curly cutting of trees and shrubs, which has been preserved almost unchanged since the early 1700s.

Where: the county of Cheshire, the village of Peckforton
When it was built: 1389
What's now: the hotel

The classic quadrangular castle of the XIV century has been owned by the Earls of Scarborough for many centuries — today it is owned by the thirteenth generation of the family. The building was built in 1389 by Sir Ralph Lumley, who, having subsequently organized an assassination attempt on King Henry IV of England, went to prison and was deprived of all possessions.

The castle returned to the family only a generation later, in 1421, when Lumley's grandson Thomas took possession of it. In the 19th century, the building served as the residence of the Bishop of County Durham, then it was donated to the University of Durham, in 1976 it was converted into a hotel, and since 1995, County Cricket Club competitions have been held on its territory.

Where: England, Cambridgeshire, Kimbolton village
Date of construction: 1217
What is it now: Kimbolton Private School

The early Medieval castle, which is called "motte-and-bailey", or, in Russian, "kurgan-palisade", was built in the XIII century. Later, the building was reconstructed, turned into a ceremonial palace and served as the residence of the Dukes of Manchester for 335 years, from 1615 to 1950.

From a historical point of view, the castle is notable primarily for the fact that in 1534 it became the last refuge of Catherine of Aragon, the widow of King Arthur and the first wife of Henry VIII, whom her husband excommunicated after 24 years of marriage due to the fact that she did not give birth to a male heir.

Catherine of Aragon died in the castle two years later, and contemporaries talked about her being poisoned. Nowadays, the castle houses the eponymous privileged private school "Kimbolton", and it is open to tourists several days a year. The nearest possible dates for visiting are November 4, 2018 and March 3, 2019; in addition, you can send a request for an excursion during the school holidays. You can also play a match in the castleto have a wedding or arrange a special event.

Where: Scotland, city of Edinburgh
First mention: 1139
What's now: the Army Museum

This ancient fortress dating back to 1139 can be called the main castle of Scotland and the most popular attraction of the Scottish capital. The castle was built on top of a rock of volcanic origin, which, according to anthropologists, has been inhabited since the Bronze Age.

The first mention of the fortress in historical documents was made during the reign of King David I in the 12th century, and until 1633 it remained the residence of the Scottish kings, after which it lost its ceremonial role and was used as an army barracks during the Scottish struggle for independence.

According to recent research, the castle has withstood 26 sieges in its history, making it recognized as the most besieged facility in the UK and one of the most frequently attacked in the world. Today, Edinburgh Castle is a museum, which is still connected with the army: various military ceremonies take place here and a military garrison is still quartered.

Where: Scotland, Aberdeenshire region, the banks of the River Dee
When it was built: 1852
What's now: the Scottish residence of the British monarchs

The granite castle in the Scottish baronial style on the banks of the River Dee was built in 1852 by architect William Smith commissioned by Prince Albert and has since been the private residence of the English kings in Scotland. In 1896, during a visit to Queen Victoria, the last Russian tsar Nicholas II visited the castle.

Adjacent to the building is an estate of the same name with an area of 20,000 hectares, where famous Scottish partridges (the ones depicted on the label of the notorious Scotch tape), Highland cows, deer and ponies are bred. Since 1931, the parks of the palace, as well as the ballroom, have been open to tourists — you can visit them from April 1 to July 31, as well as on certain dates in autumn and winter.

Where: Scotland, Down
When it was built: 1180
What is now: apartments, concert venue

The oldest castle in Northern Ireland was built in 1180 in the style of the French Loire by the Anglo-Norman knight John de Courcy, who participated in the conquest of Ireland, to protect against the Vikings.
During its history, Killilee was attacked once more — this time by the Irish Republican Army during the riots in 1920.

The current owner of the castle, Gon Hamilton, who lives in it with his young family, still keeps a clipping from the Belfast Telegram newspaper — it tells how that year his great-great-great-uncle, who was woken up in the castle at two o'clock in the morning by shooting, had to exchange shots from the loophole with the attackers, and this, according to according to the grandson, it was a very exciting story.

Today, part of the castle is reserved for apartments for tourists; it is also used as a concert venue: such famous Irish musicians as Van Morrison, Glen Hansard, Bep Kennedy performed within its walls, and in 2012-2014 the children's comedy series "Dani's Castle" was filmed.

Where: Scotland, the city of Glasgow
When it was built: 1400s.
What's now: a local landmark

The only surviving medieval castle in Scotland was built in the 1400s on the site of an earthen fortification of the 1100s by Sir Alexander Stewart, Lord Crookston. Later, as a result of a successful marriage, the Stuarts acquired the title of Dukes of Lennox and participated in the rebellion against King James IV of Scotland.

During the battle, a heavy shell hit the castle — it is likely that it was the famous Mons Meg bombardment, as a result it lost two western towers. This did not detract from his fame in the least: later Crookston was mentioned in his works by Robert Burns, Walter Scott and other poets and writers. Two northeast towers have survived to this day, one of which was used as an observation post during World War II. The castle can be visited all year round.

Where: Wales, Gwynedd
When it was built: the end of the XIII century.
What's now: a UNESCO World Heritage Site

This historic complex, protected by UNESCO and an outstanding example of medieval military architecture, includes Beaumaris and Harlek castles, as well as the fortified complexes of Carnarvon and Conwy. Harleck, Carnarvon and Conwy were built at the end of the 13th century by Edward I after a military campaign in North Wales in 1282, which resulted in colonization.

For centuries, the complex played an important role in the military confrontations that fell to the lot of Wales — in the uprising of Owain Glyndwr, the War of the Roses in the XV century, and two centuries later — in the English Civil War, after which, by decree of the English Parliament, Conwy and Harleck were partially destroyed.

In the XVIII and XIX centuries, the ruins of the complex attracted artists, and in the Victorian era the castles began to be put in order. Throughout the 20th century, the British government invested heavily in the restoration of the complex, and in 1986 it was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which tourists can now admire all year round.